Scene group DERANGED have released a Nation Geographic called “Jesus Revealed” which takes a look at the life of Jesus.
Jesus Revealed
Scientists and archaeologists are finding new facts about the life and death of Jesus.
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Fail,
a virus gaining immunity to penicillin is a positive mutation? Ok, do you know how they gain immunity? They lose genetic information which causes the drug to no longer be able to work on the virus.
If i handcuff you and you mutate and lose your arms….you are now immune to my handcuffs because you lost genetic information for arms. is that also a positive mutation in your eyes cause now i can no longer handcuff you?
@105
Viruses gain immunity from various forms of genetic mutation, not just deletion. An antiviral may prevent a certain function from being performed, so the virus needs to circumvent the block. The blocked mechanism can be changed or removed. On a side note, penicillin is an antibiotic, not an antiviral.
That isn't a correct analogy. Being able to resist a drug allows them to survive and reproduce. Being born without arms does not affect my ability to live and reproduce, nor do handcuffs affect those factors. Any mutation that increases the ability to reproduce is a beneficial mutation.
Sickle cell anemia is a good example of a mutation that is harmful, but increases the survivability of a species in a specific environment. Sickle cell anemia obviously causes anemia, which is a side-effect, however, the carrier gain immunity to the malaria parasite because the parasite cannot survive in the sickle cells.
fail,
do you have any information on disease gaining immunity not through deletion? everything i have seen has been through losing genetic information.
an analogy is never perfect. what you are saying is losing a fully functional gene (your arms) wont affect your ability to live or reproduce? Losing genetic information does indeed harm the organism. A) your ability to survive/feed/do anything for that matter is severely limited without the assistance of others. B) females instinctively search for males with good gene structure to mate with…therefore you would not have that quality gene structure anymore and would be looked at as diseased or inferior…possibly never being able to mate for that matter.
so for the sickle cell…you are saying that by causing a defect, i will prevent another defect from happening….and that is a positive mutation? sounds pretty negative to me…a lose-lose situation as you're going to die prematurely from one or the other and you will pass down the sickle cell whereas you wont pass down malaria. just cause one defect prevents another defect, that doesnt mean it is positive….if anything, it is a negative mutation that is the lesser of two evils but by no means is that actually positive.
you also state sickle cell anemia gives immunity when its not 100% immunity…its not guaranteed that you get sickle cell so you cant get malaria.
what constitutes a positive mutation seems very very lenient in how im reading your replies.
@107
Any β-lactam antibiotic, such as Methicillin operates by targeting peptidoglycan, a key component in the synthesis of the bacteria's cell wall. The bacteria, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus produces β-lactamase, which targets and destroys Methicillin, hence protecting itself. The bacteria gained immunity by producing a new substance to attack the antibiotic.
It depends how the loss of your arms compares to being handcuffed. I called it a poor analogy because not enough information is given to properly analyze it. Are you hands cuffed together, or they cuffed to a bar for your entire life, etc. Are you more likely to be able to reproduce without arms or when your arms are permanently cuffed together? It can't be answered very well. The cause and effect relationships weren't established.
On the other hand, Malaria is a perfect example.
A positive mutation is simply any mutation that increases the probability of a organism's ability to reproduce in it's environment. A human with homozygous sickle cell anemia may have a reduced life expectancy just above the age of fertility, however, the life expectancy in Malaria endemic regions are below the age of fertility. The real advantage is the heterozygous sickle cell trait, which is nearly asymptomatic, while providing adequate immunity to Malaria. A human with sickle cell anemia would be selected against in North America, while it would be selected for in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the same sense, homozygous sickle cell anemia would be selected against and the heterozygous sickle cell trait would be selected for in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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